Bird Watching in Costa Rica

Even though Costa Rica represents only 0.03% of the Earth's surface, it is home to more than 6% of the world's biodiversity: a real testament to the country's specific location (forming a bridge between North and South America helping species to migrate) and steady commitment to conservation with around 28% of its territory being protected. 

Within this ecological treasure, the bird population takes center stage, showcasing over 900 bird species. From the iconic resplendent quetzals gracing the cloud forests to the colorful scarlet macaws and toucans soaring over the landscapes, Costa Rica offers a true paradise for bird lovers like no other country. Nestled in the country's diverse habitats—lush rainforests, misty cloud forests, and mangrove swamps—all these bird species find refuge and thrive under Costa Rica's dedicated preservation efforts. Embracing eco-tourism and guided by strong conservation measures, Costa Rica not only preserves its bird population but also invites you to appreciate its incredible biodiversity.

Best Birding Destinations in Costa Rica

With all its national parks and reserves, Costa Rica is one of the top ten birding destinations in the world but even within the country, there are a variety of regions more likely to please the most avid nature lovers.

Central Valley

The Central Valley of Costa Rica is a hotspot for birdwatchers. Places like La Paz Waterfall Gardens and Poas Volcano National Park are great spots to see birds like toucans, hummingbirds, and quetzals. With its mix of different climates, from cool cloud forests to farmland, lots of different species call it home. Even in the capital, San Jose, you can find parks and gardens that attract all sorts of bird species. The variety of landscapes in the Central Valley makes it a top pick for bird lovers looking to explore Costa Rica's diverse birdlife.

Osa Peninsula

In southern Costa Rica, you'll find the tropical paradise of Osa Peninsula. This remote and biodiverse region hosts a remarkable range of bird species thanks to its untouched natural beauty and ecosystems. Corcovado National Park, often called "the most biologically intense place on Earth," stands as a birdwatcher's paradise. Here, you can spot exotic species such as scarlet macaws, toucans, and the striking harpy eagle.

Manuel Antonio National Park

The renowned Manuel Antonio National Park, known for its wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic life, is also a birding hotspot, offering a blend of tropical forests and pristine beaches where bird enthusiasts can spot toucans, parrots, and herons.

San Gerardo de Dota

San Gerardo de Dota, nestled in the Talamanca Mountain ranges, is a hidden gem for birdwatchers in Costa Rica. Also called the Quetzal Valley, this serene and less-explored area is renowned for its efforts in quetzal conservation and offers prime opportunities to spot these magnificent creatures. Birdwatchers can also admire other highland species like hummingbirds, woodpeckers, and the fiery-throated hummingbird, adding to the rich tapestry of bird life.

Cano Negro – Rio Frio – Boca Tapada

Cano Negro, Rio Frio, and Boca Tapada, situated in the northern reaches of Costa Rica, form a remarkable birding paradise within the country. The wetlands and river systems, and the Cano Negro Lake are the heart of this region, attracting an astounding variety of birds, especially migratory species. The area's marshes, lagoons, and dense forests create an ideal habitat for aquatic birds such as herons, storks, kingfishers, and an array of waterfowl. It's a great place to spot the rarest species.

La Selva Biological Station

La Selva Biological Station, nestled in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, stands out for birdwatchers and researchers. This renowned research center, encompassing diverse ecosystems like primary rainforests, rivers, and wetlands, provides an unparalleled opportunity to observe an astounding variety of bird species. 

The station's extensive trail system allows you to explore and encounter an impressive array of species, including toucans, trogons, motmots, and an incredible assortment of colorful hummingbirds. The unique mix of habitats in La Selva will give you a chance to witness both common and rare species, making it a hotspot for birding enthusiasts looking for a complete bird-watching experience.

Palo Verde National Park

Palo Verde National Park, situated along the Tempisque River in northwestern Costa Rica, is a haven for birdwatchers owing to its unique wetland ecosystems. The park's marshes, lagoons, and seasonal floodplains create an ideal habitat for a remarkable diversity of bird species and serve as a crucial stopover for migratory species, including the tiger heron, egrets, ibises, and the iconic wood stork. 

Additionally, the riverine forests surrounding the wetlands provide shelter for species such as scarlet macaws, parrots, and motmots. A boat tour along the Tempisque River will offer you a fantastic opportunity to observe birdlife in their natural habitat.

Carara National Park

In Carara National Park, you'll find birds that like drier areas. The park is also connected to other natural areas, so birds can move around easily. This mix of habitats and connections to other places make Carara a great spot to see lots of different bird species.

Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve

Last but not least, our stunning Monteverde Cloud Forest is a dreamland for bird enthusiasts. Up in the misty mountains, you can spot some amazing bird species. The star here is the resplendent quetzal, but that's not all — there are tons of hummingbirds zipping around, showing off their vibrant colors.

The canopy in Monteverde holds a special allure for birds, drawing in more species compared to other areas for a few key reasons. The canopy itself is like a bustling neighborhood for birds. It offers a vast option of habitats — there are flowering plants for nectar-loving hummingbirds, fruits for toucans, and insects for all the other species that thrive on them. This diversity of food sources makes it a hotspot for birds searching for a meal.

Additionally, the canopy provides a natural safe haven. Birds find shelter in the thick foliage from predators and harsh weather conditions. This safety allows them to establish territories, build nests, and raise their young without as much fear of danger.

The complexity of the canopy also creates niches for different bird species. Birds with specific preferences for altitude, temperature, or food can find their perfect spot within this intricate ecosystem. It's like a high-rise apartment complex where every bird can find its own floor and amenities. 

To see them, trails in Monteverde Cloud Forest crisscross the reserve, making it easy for birdwatchers to explore and find these amazing creatures, and making it definitively one of Costa Rica's best places for birdwatching.

Bird Species In Monteverde to Keep an Eye Out For

Commonly encountered birds

Motmots: These unique birds with distinctive racket-shaped tails have a distinctive behavior of plucking their own feathers, especially the ones on their chest, which helps regulate their body temperature in warm climates. The bird featured above is a Turquoise-browed Motmot, one of the most beautiful variations!

Resplendent Quetzal: Famous for its striking emerald and crimson feathers, particularly the males, they were considered sacred by the Maya and Aztec cultures in Mesoamerica, symbolizing freedom and divinity.

Toucans: Iconic for their large, colorful bills, toucans are found in various habitats across the country. Despite their size, they are surprisingly lightweight due to their hollow structure made of keratin, the same material as human fingernails. In Monteverde, you can encounter two species from this family — the Emerald Toucanet, and the Keel-Billed Toucan. 

Hummingbirds: Costa Rica boasts numerous hummingbird species, each with its incredible range of colors. Fun fact, they are the only birds that can fly backward, thanks to their unique wing structure that allows them unparalleled agility in the air.

Great Kiskadee: With their distinctive yellow breasts and loud calls, these flycatchers are known for their boldness—they often fearlessly defend their territories against larger birds and even approach humans for food scraps in some areas.

Collared Trogon: Known for its elegant appearance, this bird nests in cavities previously excavated by woodpeckers or natural decay, showing a unique nesting behavior among birds in its family.

Clay-colored Thrush: Considered the national bird of Costa Rica, this brown bird with a warm orange undertail sings a beloved song and is adored among Costa Ricans.

Black Guan: This large, turkey-like bird is recognizable by its glossy black plumage and red eye ring. They are somewhat secretive birds that often travel in small groups, using a variety of vocalizations to communicate within their flock.

Rare Birds

Three-wattled Bellbird: Known for its unique, far-carrying call, this bellbird is a sought-after species, especially during breeding season when males gather to perform their distinctive calls.

Bare-necked Umbrellabird: With its striking appearance, including a prominent throat wattle and a distinct umbrella-like crest, this species is both rare and fascinating. 

Fun Fact: Both the Bare-necked Umbrellabird and the Three-wattled Bellbird are members of the Cotinga bird family, which includes some of the most brilliantly colored birds in the world, with males displaying vibrant hues such as vivid blues, purples, or striking white plumage.

Best Season for Birdwatching in Costa Rica

Each season in Costa Rica presents its own birding opportunities, and the varied weather patterns influence bird behavior and migrations, providing a dynamic and ever-changing landscape for birdwatchers throughout the year.

During the dry season, from December to April, it's Costa Rica's "high season" for birdwatching. The weather is generally drier, making it easier to navigate trails and spot birds. Many migratory species, like warblers from North America, seek refuge in Costa Rica during their winter months, adding to the diversity of species you might encounter. It's an excellent time to witness courtship displays and nesting behaviors of resident birds.

The rainy season, from May to November, brings its own allure for birdwatchers. The landscape becomes lush and vibrant, attracting a burst of activity among the birds. Many species engage in breeding activities during the rainy season, and you might witness fledglings or chicks as they start their journey. The wet season also offers a chance to observe migratory species as they depart for their northern breeding grounds.

Finally, the best times for birdwatching in Costa Rica are typically early morning and late afternoon. Birds are most active during these periods, especially within the first few hours after sunrise and a couple of hours before sunset. Early mornings offer a chance to catch birds during their most active feeding times. Many species are active then, foraging for food, singing, and displaying their vibrant colors. Late afternoons are another excellent time, as they prepare for the evening—singing, socializing, and sometimes displaying mating behaviors.

Costa Rica Birding Tours

Costa Rica offers a plethora of birding tours catering to all levels of birdwatching enthusiasts.

Guided Tours: Many tour companies offer guided birdwatching expeditions led by knowledgeable naturalist guides. Guides help identify and interpret bird species, making it an educational experience.

Specialized Tours: Some tours cater to specific interests, for bird photographers or to target a particular bird species. These may offer specialized equipment or focus on habitats where certain birds are more abundant.

Accommodation-based Tours: Several birding lodges offer guided tours right from their doorstep, providing easy access to diverse bird species without traveling far.

Being Central America's most biodiverse country and one of the world's top birding destinations, Costa Rica is a heaven for bird watching. Come wander in the stunning cloud forest and take your chance to spot a rare resplendent quetzal or some wild macaws, and go back home with unforgettable memories.

Looking to Go Birding in Costa Rica? 

Even in this deep dive into Costa Rican birdwatching, we’ve barely scratched the surface of just how complex and fascinating the lives, societies, habits, and habitats of Costa Rica’s birds truly are. 

That’s why, even for the most experienced birder, we recommend going on a tour with local guides. Their intimate knowledge of the day-to-day movements of birds and how they’re affected by natural conditions can give you the reserve-specific and even trail-specific insight you need to have the best chance at spotting these beautiful birds, and along the way, you’ll almost certainly learn a thing or two!

If you’d like to organize a tour with a birding guide while you’re here in Monteverde, don’t hesitate to reach out to us at info@ocoteahotel.com or via the phone at 506 4002-2599 (Costa Rica) or 1-833-362-6832 (International).